Penentuan Ukuran Sampel Memakai Rumus Slovin dan Tabel Krejcie-Morgan: Telaah Konsep dan Aplikasinya

Nugraha Setiawan
Salah satu pertanyaan yang sering diajukan oleh para peneliti ketika akan melakukan suatu penelitian adalah, “berapa besar ukuran sampel yang sebaiknya harus diambil, agar sampel tersebut dapat merepresentasikan populasinya”. Peneliti sering dihadapkan pada beberapa alternatif pilihan metode, teknik, cara-cara, maupun rumus-rumus untuk menentukan ukuran sampel, namun tidak tahu mana yang sebaiknya harus mereka pilih.
Jalan pintas yang sering diambil adalah, mencari cara-cara penentuan ukuran sampel dengan memakai pendekatan statistika yang praktis dan sederhana, namun karena kepraktisannya itu justru penerapannya acap kali salah. Hal tersebut seiring dengan banyak terbitnya buku-buku metodologi penelitian yang didalamnya memasukan bahasan tentang sampling, tetapi tidak memberi penjelasan lebih detil mengenai konsep-konsep dasar dan asumsi-asumsi yang menjadi landasan dari pembuatan rumus-rumusnya.
Dari aspek aplikasi dan kepraktisan misalnya, rumus Slovin dan Tabel Krejcie-Morgan memang sangat mudah dan sederhana, walau sering kali salah dalam menerapkannya. Misalnya ada peneliti yang memakai rumus Slovin atau Tabel Krejcie-Morgan untuk penelitian yang menggunakan analisis regresi dengan skala pengukuran rasio.
Tulisan lengkap: Download di Pustaka Unpad (pdf)

Kuliah ke-4 dan 5 Sosiologi, 3 dan 10 Maret 2009

Mahasiswa yang tidak hadir pada kuliah ke-4 Sosiologi yang membahas mengenai Interaksi Sosial adalah NPM 124, 130, 143, 123 ('05), dengan demikian mahasiswa yang hadir di kelas sejumlah 41 orang. Suasana interaksi antara mahasiswa dan dosen dalam proses belajar-mengajar secara kualitas agak menurun dibandingkan dengan kuliah ke-3 yang dilaksanakan tanggal 24 Februari 2009. Juga mahasiswa yang hadir terlambat, walaupun masih dalam batas toleransi lebih banyak dari minggu sebelumnya. Hal ini tentu saja mengganggu ketenangan kelas dan kurang menyenangkan, semoga pada kuliah hari ini Selasa 10 Maret 2009, suasana kelas akan lebih kondusif lagi.
Pada kuliah ke-5 yang membahas mengenai Kelompok Sosial diawali dengan Quiz yang hanya diikuti oleh 32 orang mahasiswa, sementara sampai batas toleransi kesiangan mahasiswa yang hadir ada 40 orang. mahasiswa yang tidak hadir adalah NPM: 124, 128, 143, 156, 136 ('05). Hasil Quiz belum diperiksa, tapi semoga lebih baik dari hasil Quiz yang pertama.
Download Materi Kuliah: Interaksi Sosial (pdf), Kelompok Sosial (pdf)

Role of Professors Mired in Confusion

Geoff Maslen
Professors in Britain are not alone in seeing their role very differently from the universities that employ them. But a new report, based on a survey of 200 UK professors, confirms what many in the professoriate around the world privately believe: significant ‘expectation gaps’ exist between them and their universities regarding the importance of income generation versus mentoring staff and the leadership of their departments or faculties. In an exclusive commentary on our webpage this week, survey author Professor Bruce Macfarlane says the lack of clarity about the role of a professor is partly a symptom of the way appointment criteria at the professorial level have broadened in recent years. Almost one in 10 UK academics is now a full professor.
Full report on the University World News site
Source: University World News, Issue No: 0066 08 March 2009

Tackling Graduate Unemployment in Indonesia

David Jardin
Indonesia's Ministry of National Education has announced a sizeable fund to finance entrepreneurship programmes at university level that it hopes will enable more graduates to quickly enter the jobs market. The most recent figures released by the manpower ministry show some 1.15 million unemployed graduates nationwide.
The national education ministry's pro-active director-general for higher education Fasli Jalal believes too many graduates emerge without marketable skills. The ministry has thus earmarked Rp 108 billion (US$8.9 million) to fund entrepreneurship programmes. Graduates will have to compete for a share of the spoils by creating viable models.
Jalal, who has been previously featured here, identifies a lack of student creativity in finding jobs as part of the problem. Other critics point to a lack of such creativity throughout the national education system.Graduate unemployment figures do fluctuate, of course. The fulcrum of the year is August when traditionally most state and private university graduates pass out. This year as the global recession bites deeper it will indeed to be more difficult to staunch the flow into the pool of unemployed.
Reyna Ahmadi, a senior official at the manpower ministry says, "I am sure we will see more graduates failing to secure employment on account of the worsening economic conditions."Jalal nonetheless is determined to make a good fist of his efforts. A number of university rectors are backing his latest scheme. Among them is Idrus Patarusi of the Hassanuddin University in Makassar, capital of South Sulawesi province.
Meanwhile, Jalal has admonished state universities for "inefficient accounting practices" after the ministry received a rebuke from the national audit agency. "Inefficient" in Indonesia is often a code for "creative" where accounting is concerned.
Source: University World News, Issue No: 0066 08 March 2009

Universities Socially Engineer Intakes

In a move that critics claim filters out middle class students, admission tutors at leading institutions are being told to give interviews and make offers to working class candidates who have attended low performing schools or who live in postcodes where few go on to higher education, writes Julie Henry in The Sunday Telegraph. It comes as more universities, including Suss ex, Worcester, Dundee and the University of East Anglia, have decided not to use the new A* grade at A-level in offers from 2010 amid fears that independent school pupils will win more places.
More on the University World News site
Source: University World News, Issue No: 0066 08 March 2009

Recession's Impact on Post-secondary Education

Recession's impact on post-secondary educationGovernments could assist universities to survive the recession – and perhaps be in a position to thrive once the recovery arrives – by helping to pay for salary restructuring, not letting enrolment formulas constrain institutions from meeting shifting demand, allowing tuition to increase while protecting effective student aid programmes, and funding brains not buildings. This is according to a new report from Canada’s Educational Policy Institute, On the Brink: How the recession of 2009 will affect post-secondary education, which looks at “profound effects the recession will have on both revenues and expenditures in the post-school sector”.
More on the University World News site
Source: University World News, Issue No: 0065 01 March 2009

In Tough Times, The Humanities Must Justify Their Worth

One idea that elite universities like Yale, sprawling public systems like Wisconsin and smaller private colleges like Lewis and Clark have shared for generations is that a traditional liberal arts education is, by definition, not intended to prepare students for a specific vocation, writes Patricia Cohen in The New York Times. Rather, the critical thinking, civic and historical knowledge and ethical reasoning that the humanities develop have a different purpose: they are prerequisites for personal growth and participation in a free democracy, regardless of career choice. But in this new era of lengthening unemployment lines and shrinking university endowments, questions about the importance of the humanities in a complex and technologically demanding world have taken on new urgency.
More on the University World News site
Source: University World News, Issue No: 0065 01 March 2009