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24 Juli 2010

China and US Attract World's Top Researchers

Top Chinese, North American and European universities are offering salaries and access to laboratories and facilities of a size and on a scale that universities in smaller countries cannot match, says a report commissioned by the Australian government.The report says that given the size of the Australian university sector relative to these nations, local institutions cannot offer similarly attractive packages. It warns that universities face difficulties in attracting overseas researchers to counter a looming shortfall.Published by Allen Consulting, the report says Australia will find it increasingly difficult to attract researchers from these countries as their economies continue to expand and funds flow into their domestic innovation and university systems.The report, Employer Demand for Researchers in Australia, bases its conclusions on responses from a survey of 72 organisations, including universities, big business, industry and the Commonwealth Scientific, Industrial and Research Organisation.Federal Science Minister Kim Carr commissioned the report as part of the development of a workforce strategy on future demand for researchers over the next decade.It notes an Australian Council for Educational Research study found that demand for employees with higher degrees by research will expand 50% over the next 10 years. The report says 70% of its respondents expected an expansion in their annual demand for researchers during the next five years.Half the 72 respondents said demand for researchers would exceed supply for the next 10 years. But there are doubts about Australian universities' ability to meetl the demand.The number of PhD graduates "will be insufficient to meet the needs of Australian institutions over the next decade", the report says. "Australia has a shallow domestic talent pool and researchers in Australia do not have the breadth and depth of those in Europe, North America and northeast Asia."
geoff.maslen@uw-news.com
Source: University World News, Issue No: 0133, 18 July 2010

21 Juni 2010

Global Rankings: Thousands Respond to The Survey

David Jobbins
The opinions of more than 13,000 academics will be used to build a picture of the standard of teaching and research in the world's universities for the 2010 Times Higher Education World University Ranking.Despite an increased sample size, the findings will account for 20% of final scores, compared with 40% under the methodology used from 2004 to 2009. Meanwhile its main rival, QS, is introducing a rating system to better reflect the diversity of institutions by measuring their broader missions.The inclusion of both research and teaching means THE can claim its 2010 rankings will include the first worldwide reputation-based indicator of teaching quality. Thomson Reuters, the exclusive data supplier for the rankings, confirmed that 13,388 people had responded to its Academic Reputation Survey launched in March. "It is an excellent response in terms of volume," THE Editor Ann Mroz said. "But it is not just size that matters. The respondents were carefully targeted as experienced scholars by an invitation-only survey to ensure they are representative of their region and subject areas."We have a very high-quality sample that is much more representative and rigorous than anything the rankings have used before."Most respondents (38%) are from the Americas, 30% from the Asia Pacific and Middle East regions and 28% from Europe. Engineering and technology supplied marginally more respondents (23%) than physical sciences (21%) and social sciences (18%).
More on the University World News site
Source: University World News, Issue No: 0129, 20 June 2010

Seven Recipes to Become a Top Researcher

Jüri Allik
Young people entertain the illusion they will live forever and therefore time has no particular value to them. But success in scientific research presupposes the ability to travel in time. Unlike a dilettante, the professional scientist needs to think about how his or her ideas will be received in 10 years' time.For example, to be in the top 1% of researchers most cited in the field of psychiatry and psychology today, articles you have published in the last 11 years need to have received at least 533 citations, according to ISI Essential Science Indicators. At present there are only 15 scientists in Estonia who have crossed the 1% mark in their respective fields of research, two of them psychologists Risto Näätänen and Jüri Allik. There is also Estonian-born professor emeritus at the University of Toronto Endel Tulving, a pioneer in memory research, but credit for his work goes to Canada.So achieving success is not that difficult. The fundamental rule has been nicely worded by Malcolm Gladwell in his book Outliers (2008). The key to success in any field is a matter of practising a specific task for a total of around 10,000 hours (The Ten-Thousand-Hours Rule). This rule, as Gladwell convincingly demonstrates, holds true both for Mozart and for Bill Gates.It is easy to see that it therefore requires you to focus on your favourite activity for approximately three hours a day, including all Saturdays and Sundays, for 10 continuous years.When applied to the discipline of psychology, this rule means that during these 10,000 hours you need to write and publish as many articles as possible that are good enough for other researchers to find it necessary to cite them nearly 600 times.I have a couple of very good recipes à la 'Nigella Express' on how to achieve at least 600 citations in 10 years. Actually, I have even more recipes, but as a psychologist I am aware of the magical number 7, which represents the limit of human capacity to process information. This is why in the following passages I will confine myself to seven of them.
More on the University World News site
Source: University World News, Issue No: 0128, 13 June 2010

25 April 2010

Academics Identify Ideal Research-teaching Nexus

Research and teaching are supposed to be closely related in universities. Among academics the belief in a symbiotic relationship is strong. However, it is unclear what form this relationship can take. In an article in the latest edition of Higher Education Research & Development , several authors present categories and dimensions to clarify this relationship. The aim of the project was to understand what academics' ideal research-teaching nexus would look like.
The ideal images of 30 academics were investigated using a mental visualisation assignment. Respondents were encouraged to describe in detail what for them the linkage between research and teaching would look like in the ideal situation.
Five profiles of the research-teaching nexus could be distinguished: teach research results; make research known; show what it means to be a researcher; help to conduct research; and provide research experience. These profiles are related to dimensions proposed earlier in the literature on the research-teaching nexus.
More on the University World News site
Source: University World News, Issue No: 0119, 11 April 2010

20 Oktober 2009

Spanish Flu Remedy Kills Swine Flu Virus

To overcome the shortage of Tamiflu - the World Health Organization's drug of choice for treating people infected with the H1N1swine flu virus - and the controversial swine flu vaccine, Chinese and Egyptian scientists have turned to a herbal remedy used to combat the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic.
They have discovered the roots of a plant commonly called "devil's dung" for its foul smell contain substances with powerful effects in killing the H1N1 swine flu virus in laboratory tests.
Lead researcher Yang-Chang Wu, from the Kaohsiung Medical University in Taiwan, and colleagues identified a group of chemical compounds, sesquiterpene coumarins, in extracts of the devil's dung plant that showed strong antiviral properties against the H1N1 swine flu virus in test tubes.
The devil's dung plant, Ferula assa-foetida, grows and is used in folk medicine in Mediterranean and central Asian countries, particularly Iran, Afghanistan and mainland China.
More on the University World News site
Source: University World News, Issue No: 0097 18 October 2009

13 Oktober 2009

Who Owns IP, University or Researcher?

The question whether a university or its employees own the intellectual property in inventions is not a new one. It has been around for a long time, has been the subject of many disputes and judicial decisions, and with the increasing commerc ialisation of universities, the involvement of several institutions in one project and the hunger for research funds and venture capital, it is not going to become any easier.
To some extent, a recent decision by the Federal Court of Australia in the University of Western Australia v Gray provides some guidance on the issues involved; if it does not provide an automatic answer to all cases where the question arises, it at least gives a clear guide to individuals and institutions as to what they should not do and what they should try to do to protect their positions.
In short: do not rely on implied terms being read into a contract of employment and do make sure that as far as possible, a written contract of employment sets out precisely the rights and duties of institutions and employees and who will be entitled to intellectual property in inventions and other products of the work of the researcher.
More on the University World News site
Source: University World News, Issue No: 0096 11 October 2009

03 Agustus 2009

E-research to Revolutionise Humanities

An online tool to be designed by a researcher at the University of Western Australia will enable a scholar in a remote part of the globe, or even an astronaut with some free time, to access the world's rare medieval vellum manuscripts and carry out in-depth investigations with just a few clicks.Dr Toby Burrows, Digital Services Director of the ARC Network for Early European Research, hopes the day will soon come when a humanities scholar will also be able to explore a whole body of data to conduct intensive research without having to leave his or her desk. "While many scientists have access to massive worldwide e-research datasets, the humanities have lagged behind - until now," Burrows said. He has been awarded funding to help him continue his work in improving the effectiveness and applicability of e-research in the humanities. His project is in collaboration with the Humanities Research Institute at the University of Sheffield, which, like UWA, is a member of the 16-strong research-intensive Worldwide Universities Network."Humanities scholars have been using computers for 60 years," Burrows said. "A Jesuit priest, Father Roberto Busa, was the first to digitise medieval texts, copying the works of Thomas Aquinas into a computer in a way not dissimilar to the early monks who painstakingly copied the Bible word by word." Now there are large numbers of humanities resources available in digital form. "Almost every English book published between 1473 and 1800 has now been digitised, for example, but this does not add up to e-research in the scientific sense," he said."We need to add new layers to this. The sources of data need to be joined up, to enable researchers to pose large-scale questions across the whole corpus of material. The best way forward involves the use of Semantic Web technologies: uniquely identifying objects, people and concepts, constructing graphs to describe and navigate the relationship between them; and linking them to all kinds of relevant digital data."The Humanities Research Institute at Sheffield uses text-mining software to identify, extract and encode personal names found in more than 190,000 digitised pages of The Old Bailey Proceedings Online. "Sheffield is one of the leaders in this field," said Burrows. "Designed and conceptualised properly, e-research holds out great promise for the humanities."
Source: University World News, Issue No: 0087 02 August 2009

13 Juli 2009

Free Help for Developing Nation Researchers

John Gerritsen
A group of undergraduates is hoping to make a difference in the world by offering a free editing service to help researchers from developing nations get their work published in mainstream English language journals.
SciEdit was launched in February by the Journal of Young Investigators, a peer-reviewed, non-profit science journal run by students around the world and based in the US. The SciEdit service offers free manuscript proof reading and editing in order to increase the likelihood research from scientists in non-English speaking and developing nations will be accepted by English language publications.
Editor-in-Chief Alexander Nikolich Patananan, a doctoral student in the department of biochemistry and molecular biology at the University of California, Los Angeles, said SciEdit had so far attracted about 10 manuscripts. But, because of their quality, none had actually been reviewed.
More on the University World News site
Source: University World News, Issue No: 0084 12 July 2009

10 Juni 2009

Sensus: Sebuah Metode atau Hanya Sekedar Teknik Pengambilan Data

Nugraha Setiawan

Dalam wacana metodologi penelitian yang sering mencuat mengenai terminologi sensus adalah, apakah sensus merupakan sebuah metode penelitian atau hanya sekedar teknik pengambilan data. Penulis sendiri berpendapat bahwa sensus adalah sebuah metode. Penjelasan ringkasnya sebagai berikut:

Buku-buku metode penelitian sekarang ini, jarang yang membahas mengenai sensus. Berbeda sekali dengan survey, sehingga pada saat ini survey lebih akrab dengan para peneliti. Padahal sensus itu sendiri berkembang jauh lebih awal dibandingkan dengan survey. Hasil telaah kepustakaan mengenai ini menyatakan, sensus modern telah berkembang sejak 1810-an, sementara survey modern baru berkembang sejak 1960-an (Shryock dan Siegel, 1976).

Kembali pada perdebatan mengenai sensus, ada baiknya menyimak beberapa definisi berikut ini:

“A CENSUS is the complete enumeration of a population or groups at a point in time with respect to well defined characteristics, for example: population census is the total process of collecting, compiling, evaluating, analysing and publishing or otherwise disseminating demographic, economic and social data pertaining, at a specified time, to all persons in a country or in a well delimited part of a country.”

“A SURVEY is an investigation about the characteristics of a given population by means of collecting data from a sample of that population and estimating their characteristics through the systematic use of statistical methodology.”

Referensi:
(1) Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (UNECE), "Terminology on Statistical Metadata", Conference of European Statisticians Statistical Standards and Studies, No. 53, Geneva, 2000.
(2) Shryock, J.S. dan J.S. Siegel, “The Methods and Materials of Demography”, Academic Press, New York, 1976.
(3) The International Statistical Institute, “The Oxford Dictionary of Statistical Terms”, edited by Yadolah Dodge, Oxford University Press, 2003.

11 Mei 2009

Animal Research Helps Animals too

John Richard Schrock
Last month, the FBI released a wanted poster on America’s first domestic terrorist. Daniel Andreas San Diego, an animal rights extremist, is being sought for alleged arson attacks on biotechnology companies in California. The FBI is offering a bounty of up to $250,000 for information leading to his arrest. The warrant highlights the issue of whether animals should be used in experiments intended to help humans.
Kansas is not California, a statement most Kansans are proud to assert. Membership in extreme animal rights organisations in Kansas is very low and most Kansans are at most only two or three relatives away from someone who works in an animal industry, from ranchers to meat processing to rodeo to pharmaceutical testing near Kansas City.
Full report on the University World News site
Source: University World News, Issue No: 0075 10 May 2009

21 April 2009

Facebook Students Underachieve in Exams

An American study has found that students who spend their time adding friends, chatting and 'poking' others on the website may devote as little as one hour a week to their academic work, writes Urmee Khan in The Telegraph. The study by Ohio State University showed that students who used Facebook had a "significantly" lower grade point average than those who did not.
The study questioned 219 undergraduates and graduates about their study practices and general internet use, as well as their specific use of Facebook. They found that 65% of Facebook users accessed their account daily, usually checking it several times to see if they had received new messages. The amount of time spent on Facebook at each login varied from just a few minutes to more than an hour.
More on the University World News site
Source: University World News, Issue No: 0072 19 April 2009

22 Maret 2009

Switch to Online Journals Under Attack

John Richard Schrock
A trend to make printed scientific journals available online worldwide, is under fire. Although President Barack Obama has signed a measure to make the National Institutes of Health Public Access Policy permanent, some US lawmakers have launched legislation to roll back the effort. While advocates assert moving science journals online is tech-savvy, economical and the only proper use of taxpayer-generated research, problems with costs, archiving, copyright, and support of small professional organisations (centred on their journal identity and research collaboration) are causing second thoughts.
The Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition, or SPARC, has advocated the switch to electronic journals to make biomedical research available to users, including third-world countries that cannot afford the rising costs of journals.
Full report on the University World News site
Source: University World News, Issue No: 0068 22 March 2009

16 Maret 2009

Research Governance Policies Threaten Capacity

Phuong Nga Nguyen
Around the world, research-based knowledge is believed to enhance socio-economic development. So funding agencies, including governments, are pushing universities to focus on ‘usable’ research outputs. The way they bring this pressure to bear, through ‘research governance’, can either support and facilitate university research or hinder it, sometimes even damaging a university’s existing strengths.
Full SciDev.net article on the University World News site
Source: University World News, Issue No: 0067 15 March 2009

16 Februari 2009

More Research Papers Needed

David Jardine
The Indonesian Institute of Sciences has issued a siren call to the country’s universities to produce more scientific and technological research papers. Indonesia currently lags well behind neighbours Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines in this regard.
The institute's Science and Technology Research Development Centre claims that a total of 2,874 articles, written by 34,216 Indonesian researchers, appeared in international journals from 2004 to 2008. In 2007, only some 59 of these emanated from the top state university, the University of Indonesia or UI.
Full report on the University World News site
Source: University World News, Issue No: 0063 15 February 2009

06 Desember 2008

College Offers Virtual World Digital Course

Kristan Hall*
The virtual world Second Life has become a focus of higher education by providing a remote forum in which to teach and hold seminars. Now a college in Texas is offering a certificate and degree course likely to be of interest to a large number of Second Life residents.
Full report on the University World News website
Source: University World News, Issue No: 0055 30 November 2008

24 November 2008

Genetics of Cave Bears and Kangaroos

John Gerritsen*
Scientists have announced advances in understanding the genetic make-up of two very different species – the long extinct cave bear and the kangaroo. In Europe, a team of French and Dutch scientists has sequenced the mitochondrial DNA of the cave bear while in Australia, researchers have launched a map of the kangaroo genome.
Full report on the University World News site
Source: University World News, Issue No: 0054 23 November 2008

19 November 2008

Exclusion Zone Sought for Oxford’s Animal Lab

Exclusion zone sought for Oxford’s animal lab The University of Oxford is seeking a permanent exclusion zone around its animal research laboratory, which opened last week, reports The Independent. A temporary injunction already in place restricts people from demonstrating within a certain radius of its Biomedical Sciences Building but the university wants to make this permanent at a court hearing scheduled for next year.
More on the University World News site

Source: University World News, Issue No: 0053 16 November 2008

20 Oktober 2008

Methodology, Meaning and Usefulness of Rankings

Ross Williams

Globalisation, assisted by deregulation, has created demand for international rankings. The demand originates from a range of stakeholders: students, employers, supranational institutions, scholars, funding agencies and governments. In addition, there is public interest in rankings for their own sake, whether it be the world’s most liveable city or an international ranking of the quality of financial newspapers. At the same time as this expansion in demand, developments in technology, most noticeably the world wide web, have facilitated the supply of information to meet demand.
Extract from an article in Australian Universities’ Review
More on the University World News site